Factors associated with decision-making for replacing the temporary coronal restoration after endodontic treatment

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the decision-making by patients to replace temporary restorations with permanent restorations after endodontic treatment and to verify the associated factors and evaluate the quality/integrity of the temporary restorative material within one month. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using non-probabilistic sampling which analyzed patients after one month of endodontic treatment. The self-administered questionnaire contained sociodemographic, treatment decision-making and endodontic treatment questions. The restoration present in the mouth was evaluated in the clinical oral examination. The Poisson Regression test was used to verify the prevalence ratio. Results: The prevalence failure to perform permanent restorations was 61.1% of patients, and 42.7% reported not having adhered. The reasons are lack of time and not knowing the importance of replacing the restoration with a definitive one. The glass ionomer temporary restorative frequency was higher among those who chose not to replace the temporary restoration with a permanent one (PR=5.19; 95%CI 2.10-12.33). In addition, there was an association between the quality of the restorative material and the type of material, and the best clinical quality of the restoration was statistically associated with glass ionomer and composite resin. Conclusions: The findings show the importance of guidance by the dental surgeon in helping patients decide to replace their temporary restoration

Postoperative Pain in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Cross-sectional Study of Retrospective Data.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the occurrence of postoperative pain and associated factors in patients treated endodontically at a Postgraduate Center in Endodontics in Southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was performed using the medical records of 658 patients. Pulp conditions, postoperative pain, pain intensity, edema, number of sessions (single or multiple), and medication administration in the postoperative period were analyzed. For data analysis, descriptive analyses and univariate and multiple regressions were performed. In the multiple analyses, odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated, crude and adjusted for exposure variables in a binary logistic regression model (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS: To perform the adjusted logistic regression, all variables associated with p-value <0.10: gender, edema, and pulp condition (bio- and necropulpectomy) entered the crude model. After the multivariate analysis, a statistically significant association was found between the outcome variable of the presence of postoperative pain and the independent variable of pulp condition, and the presence of pain was associated with patients who underwent endodontics on teeth with live pulp and edema with greater chances of postoperative pain. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the pulp condition and edema affected postoperative pain. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The occurrence of postoperative pain was around 30% in both single and multiple sessions, and it was considered relevant for the dental clinic. Pulp condition affected postoperative pain, and the presence of pain was associated with patients who underwent endodontics on teeth with live pulp.

Reference values for pulp oxygen saturation as a diagnostic tool in endodontics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to identify mean oxygen saturation values (SpO2) using pulse oximetry in permanent maxillary anterior teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MEDLINE, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde electronic databases were searched. Combinations and variations of "oximetry" AND "dental pulp test" were used as search terms. Studies reporting means and standard deviations of SpO2 values were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic, and all analyses were performed using R software. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS: Of the 251 studies identified, 19 met the eligibility criteria and were included (total sample, 4,541 teeth). In the meta-analysis, the mean SpO2 values were 84.94% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.85%-85.04%) for the central incisors, 89.29% (95% CI, 89.22%-89.35%) for the lateral incisors, and 89.20% (95% CI, 89.05%-89.34%) for the canines. The studies were predominantly low-quality due to the high risk of bias associated with the index test, unclear risk regarding patient selection, and concerns about outcome assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Although most studies were low-quality, the oxygen saturation levels in normal pulp could be established (minimum saturation, 77.52%). Despite the risk of bias of the included studies, the reference values reported herein are clinically relevant for assessments of changes in pulp status. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews Identifier: CRD42018085598.

Assessment of Apical Extrusion using Rotary and Reciprocating Systems during Root Canal Retreatment.

AIM: The objective of this study was to assess apical extrusion after filling material removal using two systems, one rotary and one reciprocating. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 34 extracted mandibular premolars with single roots were selected and, posteriorly, prepared and filled. Following material aging for 60 days, teeth were divided into two groups, according to the method used to remove root filling material: group I, ProTaper® Universal Retreatment instruments plus refining with the Hero 642® sequence and group II, WaveOne® instruments. The teeth were fixed in an apparatus designed to collect the extruded material during removal procedure. Data on the amount of debris extruded (mg/weight) were analyzed using the Student's t test with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to the amount of material extruded during root canal retreatment. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that the extrusion of debris during apical root canal retreatment does not depend on the instrument design or the protocol employed. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Regardless of root canal clearance techniques, debris extrusion eventually occurs during endodontic retreatment and may be related to postoperative pain.

Effect of At-Home Bleaching on Oxygen Saturation Levels in the Dental Pulp of Maxillary Central Incisors.

The present study assessed oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels before, during, and after at-home bleaching treatment in the pulps of healthy maxillary central incisors. SaO2 levels were measured in 136 healthy maxillary central incisors using a pulse oximeter. The bleaching protocol consisted of 10% carbamide peroxide gel placed in individual trays and used for four hours daily for 14 days. SaO2 levels were assessed before bleaching (T0), immediately after the first session (T1), on the 7th day of treatment (T2), on the 15th day (the day following the last session) (T3), and 30 days after completion of the bleaching protocol (T4). Data were statistically analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), Student's t test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlation. Mean pulp SaO2 levels were 85.1% at T0, 84.9% at T1, 84.7% at T2, 84.3% at T3, and 85.0% at T4. Gradual reductions in SaO2 levels were observed, with significant differences (p<0.001) during the course of home bleaching treatment. However, 30 days after the end of the bleaching protocol, SaO2 levels returned to baseline levels. Home bleaching caused a reversible transient decrease in SaO2 levels in the pulps.

Effect of at-home bleaching on oxygen saturation levels in the dental pulp of maxillary central incisors

Abstract The present study assessed oxygen saturation (SaO2) levels before, during, and after at-home bleaching treatment in the pulps of healthy maxillary central incisors. SaO2 levels were measured in 136 healthy maxillary central incisors using a pulse oximeter. The bleaching protocol consisted of 10% carbamide peroxide gel placed in individual trays and used for four hours daily for 14 days. SaO2 levels were assessed before bleaching (T0), immediately after the first session (T1), on the 7th day of treatment (T2), on the 15th day (the day following the last session) (T3), and 30 days after completion of the bleaching protocol (T4). Data were statistically analyzed using generalized estimating equations (GEE), Student's t test (p<0.05) and Pearson's correlation. Mean pulp SaO2 levels were 85.1% at T0, 84.9% at T1, 84.7% at T2, 84.3% at T3, and 85.0% at T4. Gradual reductions in SaO2 levels were observed, with significant differences (p<0.001) during the course of home bleaching treatment. However, 30 days after the end of the bleaching protocol, SaO2 levels returned to baseline levels. Home bleaching caused a reversible transient decrease in SaO2 levels in the pulps.

Resumo Este estudo verificou o grau de saturação de oxigênio (SaO2) pulpar antes, durante e após o clareamento dental caseiro em incisivos centrais superiores hígidos. O nível de SaO2 foi verificado em 136 incisivos centrais superiores hígidos usando oxímetro de pulso. A técnica de clareamento empregou peróxido de carbamida 10% em moldeira individual por quatro horas diárias durante 14 dias. Os níveis de SaO2 foram analisados antes do clareamento (T0), imediatamente após a primeira sessão (T1), no sétimo dia de tratamento (T2), no décimo quinto dia (um dia após a última sessão) (T3) e 30 dias após o término do clareamento dental (T4). A análise estatística utilizou o modelo de equações de estimações generalizadas (GEE), teste t de Student (p<0,05) e correlação de Pearson. Os níveis médios de SaO2 pulpar foram 85,1% em T0, 84,9% em T1, 84,7% em T2, 84,3% em T3 e 85,0% em T4. Foi observada uma redução gradual dos níveis de SaO2, com diferenças significantes (p<0,001) durante o clareamento dental caseiro. No entanto, 30 dias após o término do clareamento dental, houve retorno aos valores iniciais. O clareamento dental caseiro provocou uma diminuição transitória reversível no grau de SaO2 pulpar.

Mesiolingual Canal Prevalence in Maxillary First Molars assessed through Different Methods.

AIM: Evaluate the prevalence of mesiolingual canal prevalence orifice in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary first molars using five methods of visualization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 73 first permanent maxillary molars were analyzed. Visual clinical analysis of the presence of the fourth canal was performed using a straight end-odontic exploratory probe (EXDG16®) and a K10 manual file (SybronEndo®). Dental elements that were not located on the fourth canal were analyzed with the aid of a magnifying glass (Zeiss®) with a 2.5-fold increase and those teeth in which the fourth canal was not found went through the examination with clinical surgical microscope (OPTO®) with magnification of 20 times with both the explorer and endodontic file. Next, a periapical radiography of the teeth was performed in the teeth in which the mesiolingual canal was not yet found to observe the presence or absence of the fourth canal. Afterward, the teeth in which the canal was not yet located were scanned using the microtomography equipment (SkyScan®), at 100 kV and 100 µA, with an isotropic resolution of 16 µm. RESULTS: The mesiolingual canal was located in 70 teeth (95.8%) and in only 3 teeth it was not identified. CONCLUSION: The visual method in the fourth canal search has limitations, whereas the composite magnifying glass, the clinical surgical microscopy, and the computerized microtomography are efficient methods for locating the fourth canal in the upper first molars. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The anatomical complexity of the first maxillary molars is one of the factors that leads to high failure rates in the endodontic treatments of this group of teeth. In most clinical situations, the mesiolingual canal goes unnoticed by professionals, since conventional radiographs do not always allow the visualization of all root canals. Determining an effective method for locating the mesiolingual canal is of paramount importance to the success of endodontic treatment.

Regaining Apical Patency with Manual and Reciprocating Instrumentation during Retreatment.

INTRODUCTION: Different techniques have been proposed to help achieving apical patency during endodontic treatment and retreatment. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare reestablishment of apical patency in teeth previously subjected to root canal treatment using manual and reciprocating instruments. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 40 single-rooted extracted human mandibular incisors were selected and prepared using the Hero 642 sequence to 45/0.02 and obturated using Tagger's hybrid technique to 1 mm short of the apex. Teeth were divided into two groups according to the type of instrument used to regain patency: group 1, hand K-files and group 2, reciprocating WaveOne Primary files (25/0.08). Fisher's exact test was used in the statistical analysis. Result: In group1, apical patency was regained in 9 of the 20 teeth tested (46%), compared to 20 teeth (100%) in group 2. The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study shows that reciprocating instrumentation is more successful in regaining apical patency in single-rooted, previously treated teeth.

Avaliação radiográfica de três métodos de inserção de cimento endodôntico / Radiographic evaluation of three endodontic sealer insertion methods

O cimento é um material indispensável no tratamento endodôntico, com a finalidade de preencher e selar os espaços entre os cones de guta-percha, unindo-os às paredes do canal radicular, promovendo o selamento na região apical, não permitindo que os fluídos provenientes dos tecidos periapicais possam gerar uma recontaminação do sistema de canais. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar radiograficamente a capacidade de penetração do cimento endodôntico AH Plus em canais laterais simulados em relação às técnicas de inserção com lima, cone de guta-percha principal e inserto ultrassônico. Material e método: Trinta pré-molares unirradiculares humanos com forames patentes foram preparados com brocas Gates- Glidden e Largo, e, logo a seguir, com sistema mecanizado e limas de níquel titânio K3. Seis canais laterais foram simulados em cada dente com brocas LN, dois em cada terço, com posterior irrigação ultrassônica passiva. Com os canais secos, os dentes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com modo de inserção do cimento AH Plus ao canal. Ao término do preenchimento, radiografaram-se os dentes para posterior análise radiográfica. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o preenchimento dos canais laterais simulados com o cimento AH Plus mostrou melhores resultados com a utilização de inserto ultrassônico.

The cement is an indispensable material in endodontic treatment, in order to fill and seal the spaces between the guta-percha points, linking them to the root canal, providing sealing in the apical region, not allowing the fluids from the tissue periapical can cause a recontamination of the channel system. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the radiographic penetration ability of AH Plus sealer in simulated lateral canals regarding insertion techniques with lime, cone guta-percha master point and ultrasonic insert. Material and method: Thirty human premolars unirradicular with patent foramen were prepared with Gates Glidden and Largo drills, followed by mechanized system files nickel-titanium K3. Six lateral canals were simulated in each tooth with LN drills, two in each third, followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation. With dry channels, three groups were created according to the method of insertion of the AH Plus sealer. At the end of root filling, teeth were radiographed for subsequent analysis. It was concluded that the filling of simulated lateral canals with AH Plus sealer showed better results with the use of ultrasonic insert.

Unhas das mãos como biomarcador para fluorose dentária / Fingernails as a biomarker for dental fluorosis

INTRODUCTION: Biomarkers indicate levels of a particular chemical agent in the environment studied, which may be useful for monitoring health status, and nails may be major indicators of fluoride. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fluoride concentration in the fingernails of children as a biomarker for fluoride exposure. METHODS: Twenty students were selected, aged 4-5 years old. Their nails were cut at 15 and 45 days (two collections), and the fluoride concentration in the nails was analyzed with the ion-specific electrode (Orion 9409) after rapid diffusion with HDMS. RESULTS: The total fluoride mean of the samples was 3.68 μg F/g (sd 1.44), ranging from 1.39 μg F/g to 7.81 μg F/g. Eleven children (55%) brush their teeth three times a day, but only three children (15%) swallow toothpaste. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of fluoride exposure in the fingernails of the children studied, presenting risk of developing dental fluorosis in permanent teeth.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os biomarcadores indicam níveis de determinado agente químico no meio estudado, os quais podem ser úteis ao monitoramento do estado de saúde, podendo as unhas serem importantes indicadores de flúor. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a concentração de flúor nas unhas das mãos de crianças como biomarcador de exposição ao flúo.r MÉTODO: Foram selecionadas 20 escolares, com idade entre 4 e 5 anos. As unhas foram cortadas aos 15 e 45 dias (duas coletas) e a concentração de flúor nas unhas foi analisada com o eletrodo íon específica (Orion 9409), após difusão facilitada por HDMS RESULTADOS: A média total de flúor das amostras foi de 3,68 µg F/g (dp 1,44), variando de 1,39 µg F/g a 7,81 µg F/g. Onze crianças (55%) escovam os dentes três vezes por dia, porém, somente três crianças (15%), engolem dentifrício. CONCLUSÃO: Há uma alta prevalência de exposição ao flúor nas unhas das mãos das crianças investigada com risco de desenvolver fluorose dentária nos dentes permanentes.

Presence of Metallic Microfragments on Dentinal Walls and Instrument Defects following Root Canal Preparation.

AIM: To determine the presence of metallic microfragments and their elemental composition in the dentinal walls of root canals following preparation using different endodontic instruments and to assess the active cutting edges of instruments with regard to structural defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 108 molar teeth were selected and prepared using different endodontic instruments. Teeth were randomly divided into nine groups of 12 teeth each, according to the instruments employed: Manual systems -K-FlexoFile, K-File, and Hedstroem; rotary systems - ProTaper Next, Mtwo, BioRaCe; and reciprocating systems - Reciproc, Unicone, and WaveOne. Both root canals and instruments were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition of metallic microfragments was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS: Metallic microfragments were found in the groups prepared with both manual and reciprocating instruments, with no statistically significant differences between groups, thirds, or presence of metallic microfragments (p ≥ 0.05). Moreover, all groups presented structural defects in both new and used instruments; however, rotary instruments (ProTaper Next, Mtwo 702, BioRaCe) were the ones with the lowest number of defects, at statistically significant differences in comparison with other instruments (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of metallic microfragments on dentinal walls following root canal preparation was associated with manual and reciprocating instrumentation. Furthermore, rotary instruments were the ones with the lowest number of defects. Considering the outcomes measured in this study, rotary instruments performed better than the other two groups, as they were associated with the lowest number of metallic microfragments and structural defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: During root canal preparation, operative procedures may induce changes to the root canal shape, as well as the release of metallic fragments resulting from the action of instruments on dentinal walls. Therefore, it is important to determine, among the different techniques used for this purpose, which ones are least susceptible to this occurrence.

Avaliação ex Vivo do Desgaste Promovido Pelos Sistemas Protaper®, Biorace® e Instrumentos Manuais no Preparo de Canais Radiculares Curvos / Ex Vivo Evaluation of Wear Promoted By Protaper® Systems, Biorace® and Hand Instruments in Preparation of Curved Root Canals

O preparo do canal radicular constitui-se em uma fase importante do tratamento endodôntico, por possibilitar a limpeza e a desinfecção do sistema de canais, além da modelagem, que permite a adequada acomodação do material obturador e o selamento endodôntico. Com o advento dos instrumentos de níquel-titânio, de reconhecida flexibilidade, tem-se observado considerável facilidade na realização do preparo e menor índice de desvio apical em canais curvos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desgaste produzido nas paredes dos canais mésio-vestibulares de primeiros molares inferiores pelos sistemas ProTaper®, BioRaCe® e instrumentos manuais, nos terços cervical, médio e apical. Para tal, foram utilizados trinta e nove primeiros molares inferiores, divididos em três grupos. Cada dente foi inicialmente radiografado nos sentidos vestíbulo-lingual e proximal, por meio de raio x digital. Após o preparo dos canais mésio-vestibulares, os dentes foram novamente radiografados. Por meio do programa Adobe Photoshop®, as radiografias iniciais e finais de ambas as incidências foram digitalmente sobrepostas e, através da subtração das imagens, o desgaste foi evidenciando nas três dimensões. Foram atribuídos escores relativos à quantidade de desgaste gerado nos terços cervical, médio e apical do canal radicular. Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas no terço apical, onde os instrumentos ProTaper® produziram um desgaste significativamente menor do que os instrumentos manuais. Para os instrumentos BioRa-Ce® não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Também foi possível observar que os sistemas ProTaper® e BioRaCe® deixaram áreas do canal radicular não instrumentadas principalmente no terço apical, seguido pelo terço médio.

The root canal preparation has been considered one of the most important phases of the endodontic treatment because it allows cleaning and disinfection of the canal system and its modeling, it also allows the proper accommodation of the filling material and endodontic sealing. With the advent of nickel-titanium instruments, which are known for their flexibility, there has been reasonably improvement in the quality of the preparation. In that way, goal of this paper is to evaluate the wear produced in the walls of mesiobuccal canals of first mandibular molars by ProTaper® system, BioRaCe® and hand instruments at the cervical, middle and apical thirds. Thirty-nine mandibular first molars divided into three groups were used. Each tooth was initially x-rayed in buccolingual and proximal direction through a digital x-ray. After preparation of mesiobuccal canals, they were x-rayed again. Through Adobe Photoshop software, the initial and final x-rays of both incidences were digitally superimposed and by subtraction of the images, canal wear was shown in three dimensions. Scores were given to the root canal related to the amount of wear generated in the cervical, middle and apical thirds of root canal. The results showed statistically significant differences only in the apical third, where Pro-Taper® instruments produced a significantly lower wear than the hand instruments. For BioRaCe® instruments, no significant differences were found. It was also possible to observe that ProTaper® BioRaCe® systems left non-instrumented areas in the root canal, mainly in the apical third, followed by the middle third.

Information gaps on oral cancer and how should we fill them: proposals based on a survey of southern brazilians / Lacunas de informação sobre o câncer bucal e como preenchê-las: propostas enbasadas em pesquisa com sul brasileiros

The purpose of this research was to ascertain the population's knowledge about oral cancer and propose permanent actions incorporated to the Primordial Prevention Measures. Materials and Methods: There were apply questionnaires in 120 patients of a Basic Health Unit, and most the sample were female and the aged was between 18-82 years. Results: The results showed that most of users don't know adequately about the oral cancer, of which, some believe it's a communicable disease, others believe it's not even a disease. Users know some of the risk factors, but they don't know how to perform self-examination of the mouth. Conclusions: It is suggested the incorporation of three new actions to Prevention Primordial Measure, including the creation of a permanent program in Elementary and Secondary Education Schools, encouraging in favor of self-examination of the mouth and against the use of tobacco and alcohol; the training of dentists from the public care about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention; and the integration of effective communication about the actions of measures in Primary and Secondary Prevention.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o conhecimento da população sobre o câncer bucal e propor ações permanentes incorporados às medidas de prevenção primárias. Foram aplicados questionários em 120 usuários de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, sendo a maioria da amostra do sexo feminine, com idade entre 18-82 anos. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos usuários não possui conhecimento adequado acerca do câncer bucal, dos quais, alguns acreditam que é uma doença transmissível, outros acreditam que não é uma doença. Os usuários demonstraram conhecer alguns dos fatores de risco, mas eles não sabem como realizar o auto-exame da boca. Sugere-se a incorporação de três novas ações para a prevenção Medida Primordial, incluindo a criação de um programa permanente nas Escolas em nível fundamental e Médio, incentivando a realização do auto-exame da boca e contra o uso de tabaco e álcool; a formação de dentistas do atendimento público sobre as ações de medidas em prevenção primária e secundária; e a integração de uma comunicação eficaz sobre as ações de medidas em prevenção primária e secundária.

Endodontic retreatment: Analysis of three specialists' retreatment rates / Retratamento endodôntico: avaliação dos índices de três especialistas

Endodontic retreatment is a clinical intervention intended to correct errors that have occurred in a treatment performed previously. There are several causes of failures. The anatomical variations between root canals and the diffi culties of achieving microbial disinfection are reported as two of the main causes. However, in the dental offi ces of both general practitioners and specialists, it is very common that the causes of indications for endodontic retreatment are technical failures due to poorly executed treatment. In view of this, the objective of this study is to analyze the records of three specialists in Endodontics and analyze the causes for referral of their endodontic retreatment patients. Examination of 24,553 treatments conducted over varying periods revealed that cases of retreatment accounted for a considerable proportion of the routine work performed by these specialists, at an average of 23% of cases. The majority of retreatment indications were due to technical failure of the initial treatment, in combination with microbial factors caused by contamination of coronal restorations and poorly executed endodontic preparation and fi lling.

O retratamento endodôntico é uma intervenção clínica destinada para a correção de falhas ocorridas num tratamento anteriormente realizado. Vários são os motivos desencadeadores de insucessos. A variedade anatômica dos canais radiculares e a difi culdade de proporcionar a desinfecção microbiana são referenciadas como duas das causas principais. Entretanto, nos consultórios dentários de clínicos gerais e especialistas, é muito comum a indicação para oretratamento endodôntico por razões técnicas devido a sua mal execução. Estabelecida esta problemática, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em avaliar os prontuários de três especialistas em endodontia e verifi car quais são os motivos de encaminhamentos de seus pacientes para o retratamento endodôntico. Após o exame de 24.553 tratamentos em períodos distintos, verifi couse que os casos de retratamentos chegam a uma média relevante de 23% na rotina destes especialistas e que a maioria das indicações se deram por inabilidade no primeiro tratamento, aliadas ao fator microbiano causado por contaminações de restaurações coronárias, preparos e obturações endodônticas mal executadas.

Determinação do tempo necessário para a remoção do material obturador de pré-molares inferiores com limas ProTaper Universal D e Mtwo. R / Determining the necessary time to remove filling material from mandibular premolars using ProTaper universal D and Mtwo. R instruments

Com a evolução técnico-científica ocorrida na Endodontia, torna-se difícil selecionar qual instrumento rotatório é mais eficiente na remoção do material obturador para o retratamento endodôntico. A redução do tempo de trabalho é um fator importante na escolha dos instrumentos endodônticos. Sendo assim, procura-se uma técnica de desobturação rápida e eficiente, visando facilitar a remoção da guta percha dos canais radiculares, com benefícios tanto ao profissional quanto ao paciente. O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo para se conseguir obter o comprimento de trabalho (CT) dos canais radiculares, utilizando dois diferentes instrumentos pela técnica mecanizada. Para isso, 40 pré-molares inferiores extraídos foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos (n=20), previamente obturados, armazenados e então desobturados. No Grupo 1 foram utilizados os instrumentos ProTaper® Universal D e no Grupo 2 os instrumentos Mtwo.R®. O tempo para obtenção do CT em dentes já tratados endodonticamente foi obtido através de um cronômetro. Os dados foram registrados em tabelas para serem analisados e posteriormente avaliados pelo teste t de Student. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatística entre os tempos dos dois grupos (p=0,69), porém os instrumentos ProTaper® Universal D foram mais velozes na remoção da guta percha quando foram utilizados os três instrumentos para chegar ao CT (p=0,02)...

Endodontics has advanced on science and techniques, due to this fact itÆs hard to select which is the most efficient rotary instrument to remove filling material when it comes to endodontic retreatment. Reduced working time is an important criteria on the choice of the instrument to be used. Thus, an efficient and fast un-filling technique is required to facilitate the removal of gutta percha from the root canals and assure benefits to both practitioner and patient. This study aimed to assess the time spent to get the root canalsÆ working length (WL) by using two different rotary instruments. Forty extracted mandible premolars were randomly divided into two groups (n=20). The teeth had been previously filled in with filling material then stored and finally they had been unfilled. In Group 1, the unfilling was performed wth ProTaper® Universal D, while for Group 2 the Mtwo.R® was used. A timer was used to determine the necessary time to get the WT on retreated teeth. Data had been recorded in a chart to following analyses by StudentÆs T Test. Results showed no statistical difference between times for both groups (p=0.69), although the ProTaper® Universal D instruments were faster on removing the gutta percha when three instruments were used to reach the WL (p=0.02)...

Evaluation of three root canal filling techniques through digital radiograph

Introduction: Endodontic obturation consists of root canal filling by antiseptic or inert materials that promote a three-dimensional sealing and stimulate the repair process without interfering with it. Different obturation techniques and materials have been proposed to meet this requirement. Objective: To compare the root canal filling promoted by lateral condensation technique, Tagger's hybrid technique and McSpadden technique by assessing the filling quality through digital radiograph. Material and methods: A total of 45 extracted single-rooted human teeth were used and randomly divided into three experimental groups. After instrumentation, the teeth were filled by lateral condensation (n=15), Hybrid Tagger (n=15), and McSpadden techniques (n=15). Then, digital radiographs were taken with projected increased 10 times, at mesial-distal and buccolingual directions. Results: Visually, few empty spaces were detected at the three root thirds of teeth filled by different techniques. However, statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis) found no differences among the different groups, neither among the different thirds nor between both incidences evaluated. Conclusion: It was concluded that the three obturation techniques exhibited similar behavior in relation to the sealing of the root canal through digital radiograph.

Evaluation of postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth

Introduction: The success of endodontic treatment is directly related to the morphology domain and endodontic infection control. Some factors such as procedural errors (instrumentation, obturation apical deviations and perforations) can cause postoperative pain. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth at Dentistry Post-graduation Clinic of Meridional School (IMED/CEOM), Passo Fundo/Brazil from January 2010 to June 2013. Material and methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. After collection, data were analyzed regarding the occurrence of postoperative pain. This research is a quantitative cross-sectional study, whose sample comprised 302 medical records of patients undergoing endodontic treatment from a non-probability sampling. The review of follow-up appointment charts was carried out by the researcher. Results: During the research period and analysis of 302 medical records, 30.80% showed postoperative pain. However, 69.20 % did not feel any pain. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the pain was more frequent when associated with vital pulp, and these data are relevant to the dental clinic.

Prevalência de fluorose dentária em crianças de uma escola municipal de Passo Fundo/RS / Prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren of the city of Passo Fundo/RS

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalˆncia e a severidade da fluorose dent ria em crian‡as de uma escola municipal de Passo Fundo - RS. A amostra foi composta por 121 escolares de 9 a 12 anos da Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Guaracy Barroso Marinho. A coleta de dados foi realizada no mˆs de agosto de 2011 e o instrumento utilizado foi o exame cl¡nico intrabucal, seguindo as determina‡ães do ¡ndice de Dean10. Foram realizadas an lises descritivas das vari veis e os resultados mostraram uma prevalˆncia de fluorose dent ria de 28,9%, onde o grau de severidade mais frequente foi o muito leve com 23,1%. Concluiu-se que a prevalˆncia de fluorose dent ria nos escolares foi elevada, por‚m, com baixa severidade

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in students from a public school located at Passo Fundo (RS- Brazil). The sample consisted of 121 schoolchildren, age between 9 and 11 years, from the Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Guaracy Barroso Marinho. Data were collected in August 2011 through clinical examination and in accordance to Deans’ fluorosis index10. Descriptive data analysis was performed and the results indicated a prevalence of dental fluorosis of 28.9%. In regard to the severity of the fluorosis the most frequent was “very mild fluorosis” (23.1%). It was observed that there is a high prevalence of dental fluorosis among the students, but mostly of low severity

Presença de fungos do gênero Candida em próteses totais de idosos institucionalizados / Presence of Candida in dentures of institutionalized elderly

As infecções que afetam a cavidade bucal são de origem polimicrobiana e, muitas vezes, ocorrem devido … presença de fungos do gênero Candida. Esses microrganismos comportam-se como anfibiontes, isto é, são capazes de agredir o hospedeiro quando as condições ambientais e imunológicas são favoráveis, como em pacientes imunocomprometidos, com disfunções metabólicas ou que sofreram traumas mecânicos, químicos ou térmicos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de fungos do gênero Candida em próteses totais de idosos institucionalizados em uma Instituição asilar de Passo Fundo – RS. Os dados foram coletados a partir de amostras das 42 próteses com auxílio de swab estéril. As amostras foram semeadas em  gar Sabouraud Dextrose com cloranfenicol e incubadas por 72 horas a 37§C. Os resultados mostraram que do total de amostras, 33 (79%) apresentaram leveduras do gênero Candida. Dentre essas, 18 (54,5%) foram de C. albicans, 8 de (24,3%) de C. kruzei e 7 (21,2 %) de C. tropicalis

Infections that affect the oral cavity are polymicrobial and often occur due to the presence of Candida. These microorganisms behave as anfibiontes, it means they are able to attack the host when immunological and environmental conditions are favorable, as in immunocompromised patients with metabolic dysfunctions or that underwent mechanical, chemical or thermal trauma. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of Candida in dentures used by elderly institutionalized in an asylum in Passo Fundo (Rio Grande do Sul -Brazil). Data were collected from samples of 42 prostheses with the aid of a sterile swab. The samples were plated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and incubated for 72 hours at 37 øC. The results showed that from the overall number of samples, 33 (79%) had Candida yeasts. Among these, 18 (54.5%) were C. albicans, 8 (24.3%) of C. kruzei, and 7 (21.2%) of C. tropicalis

Ocorrência de Candida sp. em escolares de Passo Fundo-RS / Occurrence of Candida sp. in students of Passo Fundo-RS

Introdução: A microbiota oral é a mais complexa de todo o organismo humano, contendo vários microrganismos com diferenças marcantes em suas composições qualitativas e quantitativas. Compondo uma pequena porcentagem desta, encontram-se fungos do gênero Candida, que são chamados oportunistas, pois, dependendo da idade e da imunidade do indivíduo, podem levar a severas infecções. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de fungos do gênero Candida na microbiota oral de escolares e descrever as características demográficas dessas crianças de nove a 11 anos de idade. Material e método: O delineamento estatístico desta pesquisa foi transversal, sendo realizado na Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental Guaracy Barroso Marinho, Passo Fundo-RS, no ano de 2011. Os dados foram coletados a partir de amostras da mucosa bucal de 89 alunos com o auxílio de swab. As amostras foram semeadas e incubadas por 72 horas a 37 °C. Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que 25,8% das amostras (n = 23) apresentaram leveduras do gênero Candida. Houve forte associação com o gênero dos escolares (p = 0,016), sendo que as meninas tiveram 3,28 (IC95º 1,21-8,86) mais chances de ter Candida do que os meninos. Das amostras encontradas, 78,25% eram do tipo Candida albicans. Conclusão: Houve uma alta prevalência de Candida nos escolares, em especial nas meninas.

Introduction: The oral microbiota is the most complex of all human body, containing various microorganisms with marked differences in their qualitative and quantitative compositions. Composing a small percentage, is Candida, which is called opportunistic because, depending on the age and immunity of the individual, can lead to severe infections. Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of Candida in the oral microbiota and describe the demographic characteristics of children from nine to 11 years old. The statistical design of this research was transversal, being conducted at the Escola Municipal de Educação Básica Guaracy Barroso Marinho, in Passo Fundo, RS, in 2011. Material and method: Data were collected from samples of the oral mucosa of 89 students with a swab. The samples were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and incubated for 72 hours at 37 °C. Result: The results showed that 25.8% of the samples (n = 23) presented yeasts of Candida. There was a strong association with the gender of the students (p = 0.016), girls having 3.28 times (IC95º of 1.21 to 8.86) more changes to have Candida than boys. Of the samples found, 78.25% were of the type Candida albicans. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of Candida in students, especially in girls.